Culture

Culture in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Culture in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia serves as a mirror of its national identity, reflecting its rich history and future aspirations. It is deeply embedded in the daily lives of Saudi society. With a population exceeding 34 million, distributed across 13 regions, the Kingdom is united by the Arabic language, yet characterized by diverse dialects, customs, and traditions, showcasing a unique cultural richness.

At the heart of this diversity, poets, artists, historians, architects, and other creatives emerge as living embodiments of Saudi culture, acting as ambassadors of its cultural heritage. These creators contribute to preserving the authenticity of the national identity, enriching it with their experiences and innovations that resonate with the spirit of the times. Additionally, parents play a crucial role in passing down this heritage to future generations, fostering a deep sense of pride in cultural legacy.

Preserving this cultural heritage is a collective responsibility, where every individual is seen as a guardian and a partner in its continuity. As we take pride in our history, we must also work to enhance the presence of our culture in all fields and pass this awareness to future generations with pride and creativity, ensuring that our identity remains a source of inspiration and pride.

Culture is a broad and multidimensional concept encompassing a wide range of meanings and expressions. It can be embodied in historical artifacts and architecture that reflect the heritage of nations or expressed through poetry and performing arts that showcase human and artistic creativity. Culture includes tangible aspects such as tools, artifacts, and buildings, as well as intangible elements like traditions, customs, and beliefs. It is a dynamic and evolving state that bridges the past and present, emphasizing diversity and interaction across different social and temporal dimensions. Over time, culture has expanded to include digital arts, representing modern human creativity and demonstrating the integration of the old and new within a cohesive cultural fabric.

Authentic Traditions

Common Greeting

In Saudi Arabia, the Islamic greeting "As-salamu alaykum" (Peace be upon you) is more than just a phrase; it is a heartfelt prayer for goodness, safety, and blessings for the other person. This greeting carries deep respect and warmth. It is often followed by a handshake in formal meetings as a gesture of mutual appreciation. Among family and close friends, the greeting may include a kiss on the cheek, symbolizing emotional closeness and strong social bonds. Thus, the greeting goes beyond being a simple exchange of words; it becomes a cultural language that expresses deep-rooted human values.

Social Values

Hospitality is a deeply ingrained value in Saudi society, forming an essential part of its cultural identity, which reflects both Arab and Islamic traditions. Hosting and honoring guests is a social obligation that demonstrates generosity and warm reception. Serving Arabic coffee and dates is a symbolic act of hospitality, expressing a sincere welcome and respect for guests. These practices are not just customs but expressions of deeply rooted values that strengthen social bonds and highlight mutual respect and appreciation.

The Ministry of Culture is dedicated to developing the cultural sector in the Kingdom, promoting local culture globally, and providing opportunities for creatives to participate in cultural activities. Specialized cultural entities have also been established, such as the Heritage Commission, which focuses on developing and preserving the heritage sector; the Libraries Commission, which oversees the advancement of the library sector; the Literature, Publishing, and Translation Commission, which manages the fields of literature, publishing, and translation; and the Architecture and Design Commission, which aims to advance architectural and design fields in the Kingdom.

Additionally, the Cultural Development Fund was established in 2021 as a developmental fund linked to the National Development Fund. It was created as part of the Quality of Life Program initiatives, with the goal of supporting the cultural sector and financing its projects.

The Kingdom hosts numerous cultural events that highlight the diversity and richness of Saudi culture, such as the National Festival of Janadriyah, which celebrates Saudi heritage and culture. The "Ardah" dance is one of the most popular traditional national dances in the Kingdom. Moreover, literary and artistic exhibitions and seminars are regularly organized, contributing to the enrichment of both the local and international cultural landscape.

Saudi Arabia places great importance on preserving and developing its cultural heritage through the establishment of museums and cultural centers, as well as organizing exhibitions that highlight the significance of the Kingdom's historical artifacts. These initiatives aim to introduce the world to the extensive human history associated with Saudi Arabia’s advanced present. More than 320 archaeological pieces are displayed in these exhibitions, covering various historical eras, from the Paleolithic period (one million years BC) to the era of the Saudi Renaissance.

Culture of People with Disabilities in Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia considers the issue of people with disabilities an important part of its modern culture, embracing the principles of inclusivity and equality. The country has seen significant progress in improving access to education and healthcare, as well as enhancing the rights of people with disabilities in social and economic fields.

Saudi Arabia is working to improve infrastructure to provide an environment suitable for people with disabilities, such as specialized pathways and transportation options. They are also empowered in cultural and artistic fields through events and initiatives that highlight their talents and abilities. Organizations and associations dedicated to people with disabilities play a key role in providing support and skill development, enhancing their participation in society.

Annual Celebrations

The two most significant events of the year are the holy month of Ramadan and the Hajj season. Ramadan ends with Eid al-Fitr, where people buy gifts for children, and families visit each other. The Hajj season attracts millions of pilgrims to Mecca, culminating in Eid al-Adha, during which sacrifices are usually made as an act of devotion to God. The Kingdom also celebrates Foundation Day (February 22) and National Day (September 23).

Cultural Aspects

Each region in the Kingdom has its own unique cultural identity, such as distinctive cuisines and clothing styles. Many Saudis contribute to preserving cultural heritage through collecting antiques and engaging in artistic works that reflect Saudi cultural aspects to the world.

Poetry

Poetry is a central part of Arab culture and was once a primary means of artistic expression in Bedouin societies. Today, poetry remains an integral part of Saudi culture, with people gathering at cultural events, such as the Riyadh session, to listen to poets and read their works.

Folk Art Displays

Artistic performances, such as "Al-Ardah," which features sword dancing, are widely popular. These dances are an ancient tradition originating from the Najd region, where a group of men participate, carrying swords and reciting poetic verses.

Traditional Dress

Traditional clothing in the Kingdom is simple and comfortable, suited to the desert climate. Men wear the "thobe" with a "kufiya" or "ghutra," accompanied by the "iqal." Sometimes, they wear a "bisht" as an outer garment. Loose clothing is also in line with Islamic teachings, which promote modesty.

Jewelry

Jewelry is an essential part of Arab heritage, reflecting social and economic status. Traditional jewelry is made from gold and silver, and over time, materials such as turquoise and agate have been used, with designs inspired by Islamic patterns.

Cuisine

Saudi cuisine is influenced by the desert environment, with rice and spices being key ingredients. "Kabsa" is considered the national dish, and lunch is the main meal of the day.

Arabic Calligraphy

Arabic calligraphy is a part of Islamic art and has a significant presence in the Kingdom’s artwork. It relies on Islamic traditions and is used in inscriptions on metals, ceramics, textiles, and more.

Architecture and Heritage Sites

The Kingdom boasts unique architectural heritage that reflects the impact of its environment and geography. Architecture has evolved to blend tradition with modernity, and many heritage sites have been designated as UNESCO World Heritage sites.

Minarets of Mosques

Minarets are among the most prominent architectural features in the Kingdom, symbolizing spirituality and a connection to God. They have risen to serve as places from which the call to prayer is heard. Today, loudspeakers are used to broadcast the call.

World Heritage Sites

The Kingdom is home to numerous UNESCO World Heritage sites, such as the Al-Hijr archaeological site in Al-Ula, the At-Turaif District in Diriyah, historic Jeddah, rock art in Hail, the Al-Ahsa Oasis, and many other places that tell the story of successive civilizations.

Ministry of Culture

The Ministry of Culture was established in June 2018 with the aim of developing the local and international cultural sector, as part of the Kingdom's Vision 2030. The ministry seeks to promote culture as a way of life and enable it to contribute to economic growth, as well as facilitate global cultural exchange.

Cultural Agencies

The Ministry has established several sub-agencies related to the arts, such as the Culinary Arts Authority, the Literature and Publishing Authority, and the Theater and Performing Arts Authority, among others, to enhance and support cultural activities in the Kingdom.

Cultural Events

The Ministry of Culture organizes many local and international cultural events that reflect Saudi heritage and culture, in addition to partnerships with other countries to enhance cultural exchange.you can explore the available services through the following link.

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